In December 1998, it delivered the Unity Module to the International Space Station.Įndeavour 's last Orbiter Major Modification period began in December 2003 and ended on October 6, 2005. In 1997 it was withdrawn from service for eight months for a retrofit, including installation of a new airlock. The first African-American woman astronaut, Mae Jemison, was launched into space on the mission STS-47 on September 12, 1992.Įndeavour flew the first servicing mission STS-61 for the Hubble Space Telescope in 1993. On its first mission, it captured and redeployed the stranded INTELSAT VI communications satellite. On May 30, 2020, Dragon 2 capsule C206 was named Endeavour during the Crew Dragon Demo-2 mission by astronauts Doug Hurley and Bob Behnken in honor of the shuttle, on which both astronauts took their first flights ( STS-127 and STS-123 respectively). The name also honored Endeavour, the command module of Apollo 15, which was also named for Cook's ship. The Space Shuttle carried a piece of the original wood from Cook's ship inside the cockpit.
This has caused confusion, including when NASA itself misspelled a sign on the launch pad in 2007. This is why the name is spelled in the British English manner, rather than the American English ("Endeavor"). The orbiter is named after the British HMS Endeavour, the ship which took Captain James Cook on his first voyage of discovery (1768–1771). Endeavour was delivered by Rockwell International Space Transportation Systems Division in May 1991 and first launched a year later, in May 1992, on STS-49. They were honored at several ceremonies in Washington, D.C., including a White House ceremony where President Bush presented awards to each school.
The national winners were Senatobia Middle School in Senatobia, Mississippi, in the elementary division and Tallulah Falls School in Tallulah Falls, Georgia, in the upper school division. Bush eventually selecting it on the advice of the NASA Administrator, Richard Truly. Amongst the entries, Endeavour was suggested by one-third of the participating schools, with President George H.W. As part of the process, NASA ran a national competition for schools to name the new orbiter-the criteria included a requirement that it be named after an exploratory or research vessel, with a name "easily understood in the context of space" entries included an essay about the name, the story behind it and why it was appropriate for a NASA shuttle, and the project that supported the name. Assembly was completed in July 1990, and the new orbiter was rolled out in April 1991. A major refit of the prototype orbiter Enterprise was looked at and rejected on cost grounds, with instead the cache of structural spares that were produced as part of the construction of Discovery and Atlantis earmarked for assembly into the new orbiter. Endeavour appears to straddle the stratosphere and mesosphere in this 2010 photo taken from the International Space Station.įollowing the loss of Challenger, in 1986 NASA was authorized to begin the procurement process for a replacement orbiter.
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